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The projects Sierra I and Sierra II correspond to an advanced attack submarine, deployed by the Soviet Navy between 1983 and 1992,
with capability for launching long-range cruise missiles which fly at low altitude and high subsonic speed. They are characterized by a whale-shaped
hull and an unusually low sail, besides a large fairing attached to the upper tail fin, which houses a towed array. The low height
of the sail along with the aft fairing are considered as negative traits of the project, for they would facilitate the detection
of the submarine at periscope depth. The pressure hull is made of titanium, a light and strong material, which allows these submarines
to reach greater depths, reduce noise emissions and increase resistance to torpedo attacks. A pair of retractable fins are located in
the bow section.
Sierra class: 4 units (2 units Sierra I (B-239 Karp, B-276 Kostroma); 2 units Sierra II (B-534 Nizhniy Novgorod, B-336 Pskov))
Type: Nuclear-powered attack submarine
Length: 107.16 meters (Sierra I); 110 meters (Sierra II)
Beam: 12.28 meters (Sierra I); 14.2 meters (Sierra II)
Draught: 7.4 meters
Displacement (surfaced): 7200 tonnes (Sierra I); 7600 tonnes (Sierra II)
Displacement (submerged): 8300 tonnes (Sierra I); 9100 tonnes (Sierra II)
Propulsion: 1 x shaft, 1 x steam turbine, 1 x nuclear reactor OK-650A 180 megawatt, 40000 shaft horsepower
Speed (surfaced): 10 knots (18.5 kilometers/hour)
Speed (submerged): 34 knots (62.9 kilometers/hour) Sierra I; 32 knots (59.2 kilometers/hour) Sierra II
Range: Theoretically unlimited; 50 days of endurance
Design depth: 700 meters
Complement: 61
Armament: 4 x 650-millimeter torpedo tube, 4 x 533-millimeter torpedo tube, 40 x torpedo/missile reload
(SS-N-15 antiship missile, SS-N-16 antisubmarine missile, SS-N-21 long-range cruise missile) or 42 x mine
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